It is estimated that 12 t0 15 million people have diabetes and nearly 800,000 new cases are diagnosed each year,  Diabetes can cause problems with a person’s eyes, nerves, kidneys, heart and other parts of the body.  It also has been shown that diabetics are more susceptible to the development of oral infection and periodontal (gum disease) than those who do not have the disease. 

What types of oral problems could I experience with diabetes?

Diabetics may experience diminished salivary flow and a burning mouth or tongue.  A dry mouth causes an increased incidence of decay because there is a decrease in the mouths ability to naturally cleanse the teeth.

Your teeth are covered with plaque, a sticky film of bacteria.  After you have a meal, snack or beverage that contains sugars or starches, the bacteria release acids derived from dietary sugars that attack tooth enamel and may eventually cause cavities.

When diabetes is not controlled properly, high glucose levels in the saliva may help these bacteria thrive.  Plaque that is not removed can eventually harden (calcify) into calculus (tartar).  When tartar collects on the teeth, it is more difficult to thoroughly brush and clean between the teeth.  This can create conditions that lead to decay, chronic inflammation and infection in the mouth.

Because diabetes reduces the body’s resistance to infection, the gums are among the tissues likely to be affected.  These oral infections tend to be more frequent and severe in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients because those with the disease typically have a slower healing process.  That is why good maintenance of blood sugar levels, a well-balanced diet that meets a patients needs, good oral care at home along with regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are vital.

What are some other conditions that can be associated with diabetes?

Oral candidiasis, a fungal infection in the mouth, appears to occur more frequently among people with diabetes including those who wear dentures.  Your dentist may prescribe antifungal medications to treat this condition.  Good oral hygiene is critical.

Lichen planus is a skin disorder that produces lesions in the mouth may also occur.  A more severe type of Lichen planus involves painful ulcers that erode surface tissue.  Although there is no permanent cure, your dentist may prescribe a topical anesthetic or other medication to reduce and relieve the condition.

Some diabetics have reported their taste for sweets is diminished, although the taste impairment is usually not severe.  Altered taste sensations, barely perceptible to most diabetic patients, may influence their food choices in favor of sweet tasting foods with highly refined carbohydrate content.  This may worsen the diabetic patient’s dental health and overall health.

What is the best time to receive dental care?

If a person’s blood sugar is not under control, they should talk with both their dentist and their physician about receiving elective dental care.  Dental procedures should be as short and as stress free as possible.  Also making morning appointments is a good idea because blood glucose levels tend to be under better control at this time of day.  If there is a scheduled appointment, the patient should eat and take their medications as directed. 

How can I stay healthy?

Just because someone has diabetes, it doesn’t automatically mean they will have oral health concerns.  Diabetics who have good home care, regular visits to have their teeth cleaned, good dental care and have good insulin control typically have a much better chance of avoiding dental problems.
And as most diabetics already know, diet and exercise may be the most important changes they can make to improve their quality of life and oral health.  God’s blessings to you all – talk with you next week!